Intake & Exhaust: Exhuast system components

Exhaust system components	The primary components of the automotive exhaust system are: Exhaust manifold; Engine pipe; Catalytic converter; Exhaust brackets; Muffler & components
Exhaust manifold	The exhaust manifold collects exhaust gases as they leave each cylinder and directs them into the exhaust system.
Exhaust pipe	The exhaust pipe carries the hot exhaust gases to where they can be discharged into the atmosphere.
Extractors	Extractors are sometimes known as ’headers’. They are used to assist in the fast extraction of exhaust gases in engines.
Mufflers	The muffler reduces exhaust noise by dampening the pulsations in the exhaust gases and allowing them to expand slowly.
Catalytic converters	The catalytic converter provides a chemical reaction with the exhaust gases to reduce the level of exhaust pollutants entering the atmosphere.
Flexible connections	Flexible connections are used to allow movement between components.
Ceramic coatings	Engine components are made from dissimilar metals and due to metallurgical differences of the components heat is absorbed and dissipated different rates.
Electronic mufflers	Noise cancellation is a system that prevents the sound waves leaving the exhaust system by canceling them out inside the muffler.
Thermal expansion	Thermal expansion refers to the way some materials expand when they are heated.
Superchargers	A supercharger compresses the air intake to above atmospheric pressure which increases the inlet air density to the engine.
Intercoolers	The purpose of an intercooler is to reduce the intake air temperature by up to 390 degrees Fahrenheit, or 200 degrees Celsius, before it enters the intake manifold.
Frequency	Sound travels through the air by producing pressure waves - areas of high pressure and areas of low pressure. The rate at which these waves reach our ears is called frequency.
Back-pressure	Back-pressure in an exhaust system refers to a build-up of pressure in the system that interferes with the outward flow of exhaust gases.