Absolute zero
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Absolute zero is a fundamental lower bound on the temperature of a macroscopic system.
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Atoms
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An atom is a submicroscopic structure found in all ordinary matter around us.
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Electrical charge
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Electric charge can be directly measured with an electrometer. The discrete nature of electric charge was demonstrated by Robert Millikan in his oil-drop experiment.
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Electrically conductive
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Electrical conduction is the movement of electrically charged particles through matter.
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Electric current
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In electricity, current refers to electric current, which is the flow of electric charge.
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Electrolyte
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The properties of electrolytes may be exploited via electrolysis to extract constituent elements and compounds contained within the solution.
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Electromotive force
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Electromotive force (emf) is a measure of the strength of a source of electrical energy.
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Electrons
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Electrons have an electrical charge, and produce an electric current when they move; all electricity is created by moving electrons.
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Fermi energy
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The Fermi energy of a system of non-interacting fermions is the smallest possible increase in the ground state energy when exactly one particle is added to the system.
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Neutrons
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The neutron is a subatomic particle with no net electric charge and a mass of 939.6 MeV/c².
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Nucleus
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Nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons.
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Protons
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Because the electromagnetic force is many orders of magnitude stronger than the gravitational force, the charge on the proton must be equal and opposite to the charge on the electron.
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